Knockback: Difference between revisions

===Launch rate===

{{image|Could use with a screenshot of it in the options menu, or maybe a GIF/Video with comparisons.}}

In competitive play, nonstandard launch rates are difficult to detect during games, which has led to some tournament matches unintentionally having been played at an incorrect launch rate. A notable example of this was a set between {{s|smasher|Armada}} and {{s|smasher|SilentSpectre}} at {{s|tournament|Pound 4}} in 2010 that was played at 0.9×; this remained undiscovered for nine years. The infamous matches between {{s|smasher|komorikiri}} and {{s|smasher|CaptainZack}}, and {{s|smasher|ZeRo}} and {{s|smasher|Dabuz}} at {{s|tournament|GENESIS 4}} are more recent examples. Both matches were being played at a launch rate setting of 0.9×. The latter match gained notoriety, and soon became an inside joke in the community.

Smoke trails also indicate the angle at which a character is knocked away, but only appear when a character has taken a lot of damage, and are thus much less useful. In ''Smash 4'', said smoke trails at higher knockback values are accompanied by thick light trails, colored depending on the player that dealt the knockback.

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==Formula==

===''SSB''===

===''Melee'' onward===

[[File:gravity knockback.gif|thumb|A demonstration of the effect of gravity on knockback, the Shulk on the left uses the hyper Speed Monado Art, increasing his gravity, and as a result, the knockback he sustains.]]<br>

Starting in ''Brawl'', a second formula is also used to alter knockback based on the target's [[gravity]]:

The result of this formula increases vertical launch speed if the target enters tumble. As a result, characters with higher gravity get launched faster than those with lower gravity, depending on how vertical the angle is, resulting in fighters with higher gravity stats having worsened vertical survivability, seemingly as an attempt to normalize the effect of combos and multi-hit moves on characters of differing gravity. This formula is also applied to moves that launch opponents downwards, though since vertical launch speed is negative in this case, the result of the formula effectively decreases it slightly instead, reducing the effectiveness of [[meteor smash]]es on fast fallers.

*Bouncing off a surface reduces knockback [http://smashboards.com/threads/detailed-throws-techs-and-getups-frame-data.206469/page-2#post-5956687 by 20%] in ''Melee'' and [http://kuroganehammer.com/Smash4/Formulas ''Smash 4''] and 15% in ''Brawl'' and 5% in ''Ultimate''. Landing a [[meteor smash]] or [[spike]] on a grounded opponent counts as a bounce, if enough knockback was dealt. Because the bounce occurs after the hit, the amount of [[hitstun]] suffered is not reduced a corresponding amount, meaning that downwards-hitting attacks tend to be excellent combo starters.

**In ''Melee'', bouncing off a floor from spike only reduces vertical component of knockback velocity by 20%. Meanwhile, bouncing off walls and ceilings reduces total velocity by 20%.

*In ''Brawl'', characters that take enough knockback to be sent [[tumbling]] will slightly damage opponents they run into while flying. This hitbox belongs to the character that dealt the knockback, and inflicts minor damage (usually from 1% to 4%) and knockback depending on how powerfully the character was launched. This is also present in ''Melee'' and ''Smash 64'', but only applies to characters who receive knockback after a [[throw]] (not counting [[special move]] grabs like [[Falcon Dive|Falcon]]/[[Dark Dive]] and [[Koopa Klaw]]). This property was later removed in ''Smash 4'', where launched opponents simply fly through other characters like in previous games.

**A similar effect is used against enemies in [[The Subspace Emissary]], [[Smash Run]] and [[Master Fortress]], known as [[careening]], or the '''cannonball effect''' in ''Smash 4''. When an enemy is defeated, it is sent flying at an angle (depending on the attack that KO'd it) and deals major damage to other enemies it runs into, before disappearing.

====''[[Super Smash Bros.]]''====

With the exception of {{SSB|Captain Falcon}}, all characters in ''Super Smash Bros.'' have at least one move with set knockback.

*{{CharHead|Link|SSB|hsize=20px}}'s [[up smash]] (first two hits).

====''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]''====

*All [[windbox]]es.

*[[Red Shell]].

*Many multi-hitting [[smash attack]]s have setup hits with set knockback (e.g., {{SSBB|Ness}}'s up and down smashes).

*All windboxes.

====''[[Super Smash Bros. 4]]''====

*{{CharHead|Bowser Jr.|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s [[Mechakoopa]] (first hit).

====''[[Super Smash Bros. Ultimate]]''====

==No knockback==

===List of moves with no knockback===

*{{CharHead|Fox|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s {{b|Blaster|Fox}} shots in both his neutral special and [[throw]]s (except his [[forward throw]]) in ''Melee'' onward.

*{{CharHead|Snake|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Hand Grenade]]s (when striking the opponent without exploding) in all games.

*{{CharHead|Mr. Game & Watch|SSB4|hsize=20px}}'s [[Short-Order Chef]] (some types of food) in ''SSB4''.

*{{CharHead|Mr. Game & Watch|SSBU|hsize=20px}}'s [[Judge]] #1 in all games.

==Weight-independent knockback==

Introduced in version 1.1.0 of ''SSB4'', certain moves are coded to ignore the target's weight when inflicting knockback, instead using a set value of the default 100. As a result, they are much more consistent across the cast when used as set-up hits and similar.

A few moves not only treat the opponent's weight as 100, but also temporarily set their [[gravity]] to 0.085 and [[falling speed]] to 1.5, making their knockback even less character-dependant. However, since the gravity and falling speed alterations are temporary, the knockback is still heavily affected by them, and so the vertical KO power of such moves is heavily skewed towards fast-falling characters surviving much longer than heavy ones.

In ''Ultimate'', weight independence is now programmable from a standard flag within hitbox scripts, and as such its effect has been homogenised. If active, all fighters are treated as having a weight of 100 when calculating the attack's knockback, and a fall speed of 1.5 and gravity of 0.087 for the first 10 frames of the launch, before reverting back to a fighter's regular fall speed and gravity. Notably, this effect overrides the homogenised fall speed and gravity used by attacks which have an angle between 70˚ and 110˚.

In addition, all throws in ''Melee'' treat the opponent's weight as 100.