Wavedash

A wavedash is a technique/physics engine exploit in Super Smash Bros. Melee and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate that is performed by air dodging diagonally into the ground, causing the character to slide a short distance. While it is uncommon in casual play, high-level play of Melee effectively requires proper use of the technique; the Melee community sees wavedashing as an advanced technique superior to dashing because it allows players to perform any ground action while moving horizontally on the ground. Use of the technique is especially important for the metagame of characters with poor traction, such as, , and the , and almost every other character requires some use of wavedashing for positioning and maneuvering, particularly in combos and mindgames.

When air dodging diagonally to the ground, all of the momentum of the airdodge is transferred into horizontal (ground) movement, since the character can no longer fall. Additionally, performing a wavedash causes the game to recognize the character as landing from the helpless state due to air dodges causing the state. Thus, the game is not recognizing wavedashing as a specific "technique" like attacking or walking, but instead, as if the character simply landed and stood still; the sliding effect is due to the "slipperiness" inherent in the game's engine.

Origins and discovery
Wavedashing was first noticed during the development of Melee by Masahiro Sakurai; according to an interview with the magazine, he elected to not remove the tactic from the game, as he did not believe it would affect play to a significant degree.

Amongst the community, the first recorded mention of wavedashing in Melee was in the form of a Smashboards thread published on January 24th, 2002 by a user named Ultimate Melee. Initially called "mad dashing", the thread shows some signs of being unused to the new strategy, such as by claiming that the can most easily perform the tactic; Ultimate Melee, however, did note that it led to some interesting combat applications, such as the ability to perform smash attacks during the move. Despite the earlier thread existing, it was widely assumed that Smashboards veteran and mod Toadbanjoconker discovered the technique in spring 2002, allegedly posting a now-deleted thread and video about his discovery. This rumor, however, stemmed from an unsourced article that was published on SmashWiki on August 27th, 2006. Mentions of the alleged thread and video were only made after the article was published, suggesting that they may have never existed in the first place.

The term "wavedash" stemmed from the fighting game series; in the installment of , some characters could perform a rapid, crouching slide, allowing for such characters to quickly pursue attackers and safely parry low attacks, amongst other powerful benefits. A similar tactic with an identical name also existed in the  series via a rapid series of crouch-cancelled dashes, though it had fewer practical offensive applications than Tekken Tag Tournament. Tekken style wavedashing can be seen in Kazuya Mishima's moveset, dubbed "crouch dashing" instead.

Effects on competitive Melee
The tactic was initially given little interest by the player base, with many seeing the technique as having few practical uses in Melee. However, early professionals such as and  soon demonstrated the technique's extreme flexibility by showing how it could be used to adjust spacing, as well as to effectively extend the hitboxes of grounded attacks, particularly smashes. Further metagame developments combined wavedashing with other movement techniques, such as dash dancing, leading to considerably faster and safer approaches, in addition to the development of intricate spacing-related mindgames. The technique became a commonplace tactic for players to learn and use in tournaments, and its use ended up significantly altering Melee's early metagame; notably, Marth was no longer derided as a "noob character", and wavedashing had further applications to some characters, such as 's waveshine. Within a year, wavedashing had become the go-to technique for professional players, with few professional players, such as, not using the technique.

Although now considered an essential technique for Melee gameplay, wavedashing was initially a controversial discovery. Despite increasing the number of options in Melee, numerous debates occurred over wavedashing's legitimacy as a tactic. The majority of the debate focused on whether wavedashing was an intentional feature of the game or a glitch. The debates had the inadvertent effect of spreading numerous misconceptions and myths about the technique. For instance, it was claimed that the game recognized players in the state of "LANDFALLSPECIAL" while sliding during the wavedash; in reality, "landfallspecial" was a generic term used to describe players landing from the helpless state. After Sakurai's confirmation of noticing wavedashing during the development of Melee, the debates slowly died down, with the majority agreeing that wavedashing was an exploit of Melee's physics, not a glitch or intentional technique.

In later games
While Sakurai noted that wavedashing was widespread in an interview with Nintendo Power, he disliked the technique, as he felt it had led to a significant degree of separation between beginning and advanced players; in addition, Sakurai wanted players to find new ways to play Brawl, with hopes of introducing more aerial combat to the game. As to accomplish this, air dodging was reworked for Brawl, where instead of granting a boost in momentum and allowing for characters to change direction in midair, air dodges followed the path that the character was initially travelling, and created no new momentum. Owing to these changes, wavedashing was effectively removed from Brawl, as air dodging could no longer be exploited like it could in Melee. Despite this, some characters are able to transfer the momentum from their jump into the ground and slide in a fashion similar to a Wavedash upon landing from their jump based on their falling speed rather than their traction. However, it tends to favor characters with slower falling speeds, but even then, a majority of their momentum comes from their initial jump alone, meaning that the character would constantly have to jump and quickly land from the peak of their jump in order to get the most distance. Unlike Wavedashing, the momentum from their slide is considerably negligible in comparison and cannot be applied effectively when close to the ground. Thus, transferring jump momentum into the ground generally provides no significant advantage in competitive play as it requires significant startup time and barely provides extra distance for the player in a stationary position. Additionally, while air dodging into the ground at an angle is possible, the player will always end up using their shield upon landing, which often creates a delay when trying to to set up combos.

This change, however, immediately proved controversial in competitive Smash. The absence of wavedashing, alongside other advanced techniques such as L-cancelling, became a major point of contention in the community. Debate centered on whether the removal of such advanced techniques could prevent Brawl's metagame from being as deep compared to its predecessor, as well as whether or not this would impact the game's viability as a tournament fighter. While Brawl did develop its own tournament scene, debates over the game continually persisted in the years after its release.

Regardless of the controversy surrounding the removal of wavedashing, Super Smash Bros. 4 retained the air dodge system from Brawl, and as such, wavedashing continued to be absent from the series. Some characters, however, can potentially perform similar momentum boosts through applied usage of custom moves, such as 's Dash Slash, though these have fewer practical applications than wavedashing in Melee.

Ultimate
Directional air dodges return in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, bringing wavedashing and wavelanding back as well. However, wavedashing cannot be performed as quickly as in Melee, as characters have faster initial jump velocities and directional air dodges have a five frame windup animation. Additionally, wavelanding takes longer, due to air dodges having higher landing lag and characters halting at the end of the wavedash, rather than retaining momentum fully throughout like in Melee. Also, dodging repeatedly causes the dodges to be executed slower and slower. Because of this, wavedashing is slower and less safe overall.

Finally, the boost given by air dodges is impossible to fully transfer into sliding momentum, as during the windup of an air dodge, the user pulls back in the opposite direction slightly before moving in the inputted direction, and traction for the entire cast is much higher than previous games, thus virtually all of the air dodge momentum will wear off by the time the character fully lands. Furthermore, wavedashes cannot slide off edges in Ultimate, hindering the utility of wavelands as a movement option on platforms and removing the easy access to ledge-grabbing that Melee's wavedashing includes.

While this modern wavedash is not useless, having some very situational applications like wavelanding on platforms to read and surprise the opponent, the reasons stated above as well as the series simply evolving in a way that downplays the technique makes the wavedash not nearly as popular as in Melee and a rarity in a competitive match.

Technical details
Wavedashing describes a sliding motion that occurs by jumping and then immediately air dodging at a sharp angle into the ground. The length a character slides in their wavedash is determined by a number of factors: by the angle at which they air dodged (low angles yield long wavedashes), how close to ground they were before air dodging (the closer the character, the longer the wavedash), the character's traction, and in Ultimate, the travel distance of the air dodge. Low traction yields long wavedashes, while high traction yields short wavedashes. Thus characters like Luigi, Ice Climbers, and have long wavedashes, while  and  have short wavedashes. Both long and short wavedashes have their own advantages and disadvantages; while long wavedashes are generally better for approaching and wavesmashing, shorter wavedashes are better for comboing and positioning.

As the length of a wavedash is dependent on the character's traction, surfaces which reduce traction can significantly increase the lengths of wavedashes for all characters, such as the UFO on Fourside and the oil slick on Flat Zone. However, none of the stages for Melee feature such surfaces.

Lengths
The maximum length of a wavedash can be achieved by hitting the correct timing, with an angle of 17.1. Though this will net the farthest possible distance, it is not necessarily advisable to go for this angle due to the risks involved of slight errors in timing or angle; each having their own problems. Wavedash lengths, in order from longest to shortest using maximum angles, are as follows:

In Melee
More information can be found here

In Ultimate
Wavedash lengths are measured in units of grid spaces in the Training Mode stage. [*] has a different length for each of his Monado Arts

[**] has different lengths between regular and Limit form

Lengths for Ultimate can be seen here.

Performing the technique
Traditionally, wavedashing is the technique-to-know for newer competitive players, for a mastery of wavedashing reflects both a nimbleness of fingers and a knowledge of high-level play. It is performed by pressing X or Y (or up on the control stick) to jump, followed immediately by L or R, and diagonally down on the control stick, to perform the air dodge. Ideally, the wavedashing character should slide without ever appearing to leave the ground.

Because wavedashing can be difficult to master, some players train themselves by wavedashing directly from a crouching position, which provides them the opportunity to wavedash only by pressing the two buttons (jump and air dodge) instead of timing a control stick movement as well. This method of wavedashing, however, is slow and not optimal for battle.

The speed of a character's jump also impacts the timing of their wavedash - the time interval between the jump and the air dodge is greater for characters with slow jumps (like and ) and smaller for characters with fast jumps (like  and ). That said, during a match, one must compensate for startup lag in a wavedash, depending on the character being used.

Advantages of wavedashing
While in a wavedash, the character is considered by the game to be standing - thus, they can perform any ground attacks that could normally be performed from a standing position, such as smashes, standing grabs and jabs. The character also retains all of their standing defensive maneuvers such as sidestepping and shielding. With this extra utility, wavedashing enables a moving versatility dashing can't match.

Another advantage lies in the ability to wavedash backwards while facing forwards, which allows characters to perform standing attacks while moving both backwards and forwards. This is helpful for mindgames, especially with characters with longer wavedashes. This technique also allows relatively safer retreats from opponents, and should the player fall off the stage with the wavedash, they will immediately grab onto the ledge, giving rise to a powerful and fast edgeguard option.

Disadvantages of wavedashing
Despite its versatility, wavedashing requires considerable startup. A character is vulnerable (and not yet moving) while performing the jump and air dodge, and for 10 frames afterwards they are unable to attack (while "landing" from the wavedash). Because of this lag, it is unwieldy for a character to wavedash in close quarters where quick attacks endanger them, and prediction and proper spacing is a must. Since fighters are considered standing during a wavedash, they are unable to dash, and dash attack by extension. While a relatively minor handicap, it does hinder fighters that rely on dash attacks as a central part of their kit. This is especially apparent in Ultimate, as dash attacks have been buffed across the board since Melee to be among the fastest and/or strongest attacks in most fighters' moveset.

As wavedashing requires the use of air dodging, it is possible for players to make errors while air dodging. Regardless of the circumstances, accidental air dodges are frequently detrimental to the player. The player's character, in a state of helplessness, is vulnerable to combos and other attacks immediately after the air dodge. A particularly notable consequence of accidental air dodges is when they occur near the ledge. Referred to as an Azendash after the professional American smasher, the player can end up air dodging off the stage, beyond the range of the edge sweet spot. Although survival is possible if one uses, or , via proper use of their wall grappling techniques, a majority of these errors will lead to a self-destruct.

Approach
For some characters, wavedashing is a better form of movement than dashing. This is especially true for characters of low traction and a slow dash, such as Luigi, Ice Climbers and Mewtwo. These characters are special in that almost all their movement is best done via wavedashing. They can wavedash long distances faster than they can dash.

One can take the concept of maneuverability from wavedashing a step further, using to dodge enemy attacks and set up a counterattack. A common example of this tactic: a player faces a charging enemy, who will most likely launch a dash attack or short hop aerial from their dash. To avoid being hit, one can wavedash backwards, dodging the attack and landing an attack of their own during the enemy's lag time. Wavedashing in this fashion is very common in approach-based mindgames.

Wavedashing is a quick way to move but is also instrumental in characters' combos and their defense. Characters with poor rolls or sidesteps, such as and, rely on wavedashing to extricate themselves from difficult situations.

Additionally, the concept of air dodging into the ground provides a useful segue from a character's air game to their ground game. This is especially important for Luigi, whose slow, floaty air game and speedy ground game lack synergy. A good Luigi player will often follow a short hop aerial with a "waveland" to reposition, giving Luigi a chance to surprise his opponent with a sudden attack or retreat. This technique can only be done by a few characters with a few attacks (other notable examples are 's short hop forward aerial and 's short hop back aerial), but for them wavelanding is vital to continuing combos and pressuring the enemy.

Wavesmashing
Wavesmashing is the act of smashing while wavedashing, and is an example of the offensive advantages of wavedashing. Since characters can attack during the slide, a typical offensive movement would be to wavedash forward while smashing, minimizing the startup time of the smash (which would be considerable if a character tried to smash after dashing) and potentially finishing the opponent. Wavesmashing is particularly useful for a character like Luigi whose dash attack is very poor but whose smashes (in Luigi's case, down smash, a vertical launcher) are effective.

Although such terms as "wavetilting", "wavegrabbing", and " wavejabbing" are not as widely used, they fall under the same blanket concept of wavesmashing: that a character can use many and varied attacks while wavedashing.

Wavelanding
Wavelanding is performed after a character jumps to their peak and descend. As the character is approaching the ground the player presses L or R, initiating an air dodge. The ground then stops the air dodge animation and begins a normal wavedash. This is especially useful for moving around platforms quickly and for getting onto the stage quickly.

Wavelanding returns in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, with limited uses. It is performed by holding the control stick in a desired direction while air dodging very close to the ground. Unlike wavelanding in Melee, the length of the slide is not dependent on traction, but on the character's air speed.

Wavelanding also returns in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, this time with the return of directional air dodges. However, it is nerfed compared to Melee due to the aforementioned changes to such air dodges.

Wavesurfing
Wavesurfing is the act of dashing into a wavedash. Popularized by, this technique allows characters to slide during their jumpsquat and thereby extend the distance that they travel. This movement is often chained together repeatedly from a dash into a wavedash into another dash into another wavedash, etc. This allows for certain characters to travel significantly faster across the stage than they could by only dashing. Dash forward into wavedash back is another common application of this technique.

Wavedropping
A wavedrop is a useful technique when trying to maintain control while a character is dashing, landing from a jump or a completed aerial attack, or even wavedashing. It can even be used as a mindgame against opponents to some extent. In order to wavedrop, land from a jump, transition from the last few frames of a dash into a wavedash, or attempt a second wavedash during the initial sequence of the wavedash, but instead of angling the Control Stick as usual, hold it down completely. The character will land in a wavedashing animation, but remain still. Wavedropping is essentially the same as wavedashing except that the character doesn't move in any direction.

Waveshielding
Beginning wavedashers often shield right after wavedashing because they do not quickly remove their finger from the L or R button; this idea can be used to a player's advantage as a defensive technique known as waveshielding, the act of shielding right after wavedashing. It's a safe way to travel because the shield blocks most enemy threats. A player can jump-cancel from their shield into another wavedash, allowing them to move with their shield long distances. In a more offensive sense, waveshielding is also an excellent way to set a SHFFL'ing adversary up to be shield-grabbed.

In a similar vein, characters can sidestep and roll during their wavedash, both defensive movements that allow characters to avoid enemy projectiles and attacks (including grabs) without forfeiting movement.

Edgehogging
Another aspect of wavedashing is that one can fall off platforms backwards, which is impossible by any other technique besides moonwalking, shorthopping backwards, and shielding an attack, with wavedashing being quicker than those three techniques. This seeming oddity has a practical use; it allows characters to edge-hog very quickly. A backwards wavedash towards the edge will topple the combatant over the side of the stage where they will immediately grab the ledge, thereby preventing their opponent from doing the same. Generally, this is the fastest and safest way to edge-hog.

Triangle jumping
Triangle jumping (or "Triangle dash", not to be confused with another term for walljumping) is a technique similar to wavelanding. It only differs in the fact that part of the character's airdodge is allowed to be seen, giving some invincibility frames, yet still moving forward with a slight waveland. It comes from a term used in games like the Marvel vs. Capcom series to describe a mixup tactic used by characters who can air-dash in eight directions.

Other uses
As touched on previously, wavedashing from a jump-canceled shield increases a player's defensive options, allowing them a quick retreat or attack from their shield. On a similar note, wavedashing from a shine allows and  to perpetuate their shine combos.

One can wavedash directly onto the stage from hanging on the edge by dropping off, immediately double jumping, and then air dodging back on-stage. This technique is commonly known as ledgedashing. One can waveland onto platforms, a technique often used on three-platform stages such as and Yoshi's Story.

Normally wavedashing and then falling off of an edge of a platform or the stage will result in the character losing their momentum. Performing certain moves during the wavedash before the characters falls can preserve their momentum &mdash; the act is called a Vududash after the one who discovered it,. The primary application is edgegaurding or closing gaps, with the most well known method of performing it (founded by Vudujin) being 's Fireball.