File replacement

File replacement is a general term used to describe replacing various elements of a video game like textures, sounds, music and movesets.

File replacements are quite common in the Super Smash Bros. series. Initially holding niche appeal amongst gamers, improvements to the hacking scene, especially for Brawl, have led to more and more sophisticated file replacement hacks for the games. A majority of game mods for the games feature extensive use of file replacement hacks in order to deliver a unique experience to the mod.

In Super Smash Bros.
File replacement in Smash 64 is accomplished by the use of the plugin in conjunction with an emulator. The lesser fanbase of Smash 64 is the primary reason why this type of file replacement is less common than for the other games; additionally, Rice Video has been implicated in causing stability problems with Super Smash Bros. with certain hardware and emulators

File replacement can be used on real Nintendo 64 hardware with a custom made cartridge.

In Super Smash Bros. Melee
Largely untouched for the first nine years since the game's release, file replacement in Melee gained popularity when S. of Stack Smash posted his texture hacks online. This process entails replacing files directly to the ISO with a program such as GC-Tool, and then burning the ISO to a disc or saving the ISO on a computer so that it can be run with an emulator such as Dolphin.

Due to the difficulty in hacking the GameCube console by itself, the difficulty in reliably accessing the Wii's RAM for playing GameCube games, and the steep system requirements of Dolphin, file replacement in Melee is considerably less widespread than that for Brawl, though it does have a few devoted developers. Improvements in Dolphin itself have allowed for more hacks to be produced for the game, with Melee: SD Remix featuring numerous changes to the game's stages and character movesets via file replacement. With that in mind, more advanced modifications (like model replacement, new animations, and so on) have only very recently been made for Melee, compared to its successors receiving the same treatment within a few years of release.

In Super Smash Bros. Brawl


Due to the ease of hacking the Wii through the use of the Homebrew Channel, the lack of technical expertise in getting the Homebrew Channel and replacement files, the ability to hack a Wii because of the Smash Stack exploit, and a wide variety of resources available for it, file replacement is the most popular in the Brawl community, with many websites available solely for downloading a variety of hacks for the game. Brawl hacks are also known for being the most sophisticated of any Smash game, with all-new character movesets and unique stages even being introduced to some mods; programs like BrawlBox and Open SA also exist to assist in the creation of file replacement hacks.

Brawl hacking was initially restricted to particularly devoted players, as hacking the game's files initially required the extensive use of modified ISOs and Wii consoles in order to run hacked data. Hacker Phantom Wings is credited to expanding the popularity of Brawl file replacement hacks, as he made file replacement available to users using SD cards, with most prior file replacement hacks requiring hacking of the Brawl ISO itself.

In Super Smash Bros. 4
File replacement returns in both and. Though somewhat more difficult to access compared to Smash Stack, due to the improved security of the two consoles, several mods have been made for each game, with the ability to use assets between them due to sharing the same file formats. Both games use a "Layered File System", or LayeredFS, implementation to run modded files loaded onto an SD card. With the advent of game updates, mods must be specifically compiled for the version of the game that is being edited.

Texture and vertex hacking (eg. a "Jumpman" costume for and the Fusion Suit for ), model replacement via importing (Chrom or Magnus over ) and costume addition (eg. an extra costume slot for a  costume) return.

The ability to edit a character's moveset returns, ranging from a character's attributes to their animations.

Other cosmetics such as selection portraits, names, fonts and menu backgrounds can also be changed as well.

There are some new additions to file replacement in Super Smash Bros. 4, which include:
 * Adding new music tracks without the need to replace existing ones (eg. adding the piece "One Winged Angel" to Midgar, which only has two songs). Additionally, with the re-introduction of individual fanfares (for characters like and ), all characters who share a fanfare can once again be given their own.
 * Giving characters extra sounds in-game via their alternate costumes, rather than replacing their SFX entirely (eg. Fierce Deity costume uses Link's voice from The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, Smash 64 and Melee, with the default Link still using his Brawl voice). However, not all characters (specifically DLC newcomers like ) have this feature as of yet,
 * Adding unique names plates and announcer calls for alternate costumes on the character selection screen. Names, portraits and aliases can also be edited on the Boxing Ring stage.
 * The ability to port character animations from Brawl to SSB4 and vice versa, being more efficient to create custom animations or movesets.

Smash 4 modding, like with Brawl, is perhaps equally popular. All the new aforementioned additions to modding have been demonstrated on GameBanana, a website which is similar to Brawl Vault.

In Super Smash Bros. Ultimate
Like the previous game, Ultimate file replacement relies on LayeredFS and mods placed on an SD card. Currently, all consoles released prior to July 2018 contain an unpatchable bug present in their bootloader and are capable of running mods via CFW (custom firmware).

Hackers have been able to replace the game's textures, models, UI elements, voices, parameters, animation edits, moves, and music. Released file replacements are most commonly available on GameBanana much like the game's predecessor.

In August 2020, a mod loader known as ARCropolis was developed. This mod loader is a plugin for Skyline, a game patch that allows for directly hooking the game's code. This tool is considered an alternative to the older, more limited Ultimate Mod Manager. After many updates, all limitations replacing and adding files set by the game's Data.arc file have been removed, and ARCropolis is now considered feature complete.

One of the limitations for file replacement in Ultimate was the ability to add brand new files and directories. Certain files, such as some character's models, are shared on all costume slots to save on file space and had not been able to be made independent of each other. The most recent version of ARCropolis has the ability to create one-slot costumes and costume specific voice mods. Examples include:


 * Changing the voice clips for Sora to match the costume's origins (Kingdom Hearts 1 voice for the Kingdom Hearts costume, etc.)
 * Turning Ganondorf into Sigma from the Megaman X franchise.
 * Giving Wolf his Brawl design without replacing the Ultimate design.

Specific hacks
Each hack varies from one to another. Either one or all of these files can be replaced.

Texture hacks


Texture hacking refers to the modification of individual textures in the game's data. Pioneered by the hacker Pharrox, a majority of texture hacks are cosmetic in function, and often take the form of alternate costumes for characters, such as those seen in the images to the left and right. Textures from both characters and stages can be modified, as can various other texture; some hacks, for instance, replace the graphics featured in 's Peach Blossom. Particularly extensive texture hacks are also often featured in moveset hacks, such as those seen in Project M and Brawl-.

Music hacks
Music hacks feature the replacement of music tracks and replacing them with tracks that the user prefers to use in the game. Custom music was popularized by GHNeko (one of the main developers of Brawl+), who made a video displaying various stages with custom music, although it was done with a modified ISO. Eventually, Phantom Wings continued his file replacement code used for textures to incorporate music (the first post about it can be seen here). Initially difficult for some users to understand, due to the required use of a .brstm file and necessitating music to loop in an acceptable or desired manner, fellow hacker Bionic Sonic created a tool that required considerably less hacking and editing from the end user's part. The hacker Dantarion later improved on this method.

Music files do not solely represent the songs played on the menu or stages. They also represent the fanfare of a character. The files follow a chronological trend, and in this case, the files are named Y(XX).

In Brawl, leftover music data appears in the form of empty music and fanfare files. For the fanfare files, through the use of cheat codes created by Dantarion, it is possible to give characters their own individual fanfares (though one must also provide one for it to work). In SSB4, the ability to do so returns. The process is much simpler, though as stated above, they will need a file for that fanfare.

Moveset hacks
Created by Phantom Wings, moveset hacks (known as "Project Smash Attacks" after the identically-named program, as well as "Plan Zeroes" after the first notable moveset hack) alter the movesets of an individual character to varying degrees. This type of hack, however, requires extensive knowledge of scripting and floating values in order to perform, though multiple tutorials exist in an attempt to teach newer users on how to perform such hacks. The first notable moveset hack was "Plan Zero", a moveset hack of. Although not the most popular moveset hack, it became the most widely known amongst hackers after the release of Project Smash Attack. Today, most moveset hacks are more refined than before, and often feature famous characters such as Cloud Strife from Final Fantasy VII, Sora from Kingdom Hearts, Waluigi, and Mewtwo, who was eventually hacked into Project M.

Vertex/Model Replacement


The default models of a character, starting from Brawl, can have their vertices relocated. The model itself becomes reshaped, and in turn resemble the intended design. Texture hacking is done with this to ensure they correlate with the model's new design.

In addition to texture hacking and model vertexing, a character's in-game model can be replaced with another. For this to be done, the model must first be rigged over the character's skeleton. Importing model rips from other video games (like Marvel vs. Capcom, Five Nights at Freddy's, or even previous Super Smash Bros. titles) or using the models of NPCs from the given game are commonplace in Brawl, both versions of SSB4, Ultimate, and Melee to a lesser degree.

Some mods like Project M have patched characters by giving them extra costumes. Alts in Project M can be inspired by other characters (such as Sonic cosplaying as Beat from Jet Set Radio or Ike wearing Hector's armor); outfits they wore in their source material (such as the pyjamas Ness wears in the US version of Magicant or Dr. Mario); Melee designs; (for characters from The Legend of Zelda and Star Fox); and completely original ideas. (such as a ninja outfit for Squirtle and a Virtual Boy head for R.O.B.)

This idea, as well as the method below, to add characters allows modders to add a certain character they desire to appear in Smash as playable.

Clone Engine method
The Clone Engine method refers to a process of creating new characters by using the data of pre-existing characters. The process of creating new characters requires replicating character data and giving it independent placement on an SD Card. This allows modders to create and play as characters that are not on the base roster without replacing the original whatsoever. Ranging from those who appear in past or future installments, were planned to appear but did not make the cut, are overlooked, or even non-existent in Smash all together, the opportunity of adding characters is limitless.



The earliest form of a character clone engine dates back to December 9th, 2013. During its own development, Project M made use of a unique clone engine in version 3.0, which added and Mewtwo. About a month later, in January of 2014, Phantom Wings created another program called "BrawlEx", an independent external clone engine program. By default, these extra characters are considered clone characters due to being replicated from a character's internal data and are identified through the "Ex" suffix next to their file name (eg. LucarioEx, MarioEx, etc). The names can be changed to the character planned to be created. Once the placement is completed, the "Ex" character data can be completely modified (models, animations, effects, etc.) and replaced to whoever is being created. In regards to movesets, there can be either new and unique fighters, full clones, semi-clones, or psuedo clones.

The Melee mods Team Akaneia and Beyond Melee use this method to expand Melee's roster; the former includes Wolf, Diddy Kong, and Charizard (based on it's Smash 4 incarnation) being playable, while the latter includes Wolf, Meta Knight, Shadow Mewtwo (from Pokkén Tournament) Skull Kid, Raichu and Fey.

Certain Brawl mods like Brawl- made use of this tool to create characters like Pichu and Waluigi. After Project M's development ceased, Project+ used it to create, who was planned to appear in Project M.

There are some oddities in regard to clone engine characters. For example, in Brawl related mods:
 * All characters share the same codec conversation as Mario.
 * During the credits for Classic mode, music does not play.
 * Unless modified to be given one, clone engine characters do not have a Classic ending video or trophy.

These oddities were addressed by giving Roy and Mewtwo their own Classic ending in the former, and later giving the two and Knuckles their own detailed Classic Mode trophy in the latter.