Port priority

Port priority (also known as controller slot priority) is a set of rules that determine the outcome of certain situations between characters during matches. These rules are based on the numbered player ports (slots) in which each player plugs in, or occupies with their controller, and these are represented by P1, P2, P3 and P4 with respect to the first, second, third and fourth ports. CPU players may also occupy these ports, and are affected by port priority in the same ways as human players.

In the  games, the outcomes of certain concurrent events, such as two characters being KO'd or attempting to grab each other simultaneously, are determined by port priority. In Brawl, port priority also influences the outcome of situations in which two characters are attacked during a grab, through an effect known as Faux Super Armor.

Concurrent events
As a general rule, as part of determining what occurs on every frame of gameplay, the game engine must iterate through all game objects to check and advance their state. This must be done in some order, which is often the earliest-created objects first; in regards to players, this generally means player 1 goes first and player 4 last. As a result, the game will always resolve player 1's actions before player 2's, potentially creating an imbalance if their simultaneous actions interact — unless the game is explicitly designed to account for each specific interaction.

For example, say that player 1 and 2 are using the same character and attack each other with the same attack at the same time. A naïve game might check P1's hitboxes against P2's hurtboxes and resolve P1's attack on P2 before even checking to see if P2 is also attacking P1, resulting in P1 always winning the otherwise-even trade. This specific case does not happen, as all the Smash Bros. games were designed to anticipate this situation, checking players in multiple passes and using rules of priority to determine whether the players win, lose, or tie the exchange. However, many other situations have no such designed exceptions, and so port priority dictates which player "wins".

Note that in the following sections, the "lower port" refers to whichever player is closest to port 1, while the "higher port" is closest to the last port (generally 4 or 8).

Game Start
The position where players spawn on stage at the start of a game is dependant on port to some extent in all games in the Smash series. In the first two games in the series, where characters spawned was not only port dependant, but stage dependant as well. This caused an issue where some characters would have an unfair advantage due to where they are spawned. For example, in Melee can easily rack up damage and quickly kill an opponent if they do not react quick enough because he happened to spawn on a platform above said oppenent. In Brawl onward, stage dependance was removed and characters now spawn symmetrically on any stage whenever it is possible.

Grabbing
In the first three Smash games, if two players attempt to grab each other on the same frame, the lower port always gets the grab. This is the case no matter what kind of grab it is, as long as the two players are grabbing each other on the same frame.

Starting in Super Smash Bros. 4, port priority is no longer a factor in this situation. In Smash 4, the player who gets the grab is instead determined at random. In Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, a new mechanic is introduced: in the event of simultaneous grabs, both characters take minimal damage and act as if a rebound occurs. Grabbing special moves are less consistent; while most behave under this new mechanic, Inhale determines the grabber at random, and Fishing Rod uses port priority.

Throwing
In Melee, when a lower port throws a higher port, the higher-port character processes one frame of being in hitstun on the same frame of their release. This does not occur in the opposite case where the thrower is a higher port. As a result, all throws in Melee have one fewer frame of hitstun when used by a lower-port player, which can equate to an entire step in a chaingrab. This can lead to other lesser effects, such as 's down throw behaving differently on Mr. Game & Watch depending on who has the higher port.

It is unclear how this situation resolves in other games.

Two characters attacking a third
If two characters attack a third and both attacks connect at the same time, the victim takes damage from both attacks and the sum of the damage affects knockback. However, the trajectory of the victim will only be affected by a single attack, not both. Usually, the hit that deals stronger knockback prevails. But if both hits deal exactly same amount of knockback, then the trajectory is determined according to the hit by the attacker with lower port.

Grabbing edges
If two or more characters attempt to grab the same edge at the same time, the character with the lowest port will grab the edge first. This is a very rare case, as characters have varying movement characteristics and edge-grabbing ranges. Smash 4 and onward introduced ledge trumping as well as multiple fighters able to grab the edge at the same time, making the element of port priority less relevant.

Picking items up
If two or more characters attempt to pick the same item up from the ground at the same time, the character with the lowest port will grab first and acquire the item. Note that different characters pick items up at different speeds; the time of the item grab is what matters, not the time of the input.

Landing in the same space
Two characters that attempt to occupy the same space on the ground will jostle each other until they are separated. If two or more airborne characters attempt to land in the exact same place on the ground, the players with the lower ports always get pushed to the left.

Transformations
In Brawl, if two players attempt either to transform between and, or switch between the 's Pokémon at the same time, the player with the lowest port always finishes their transformation first. This issue is caused by the fact that Brawl loads these characters during gameplay, as opposed to before matches begin, and the Wii cannot load two or more characters simultaneously.

KOs
Port priority determines the winner in certain cases of simultaneous KOs, including those that involve the use of suicide techniques. In this field, its influence in Melee differs from that in Brawl. In Melee, the outcome of simultaneous KOs during normal stock matches is not determined by port priority, regardless of their causes. However, when a match involving two players is tied and Sudden Death is initiated, if both players are KOd at the same time, the player with the lowest port wins the match. The opposite is true in Ultimate, where the highest port wins. In Smash 64 however, matches won't go to Sudden Death and each player is instead ranked based on port; in order of P4 first, P3 second, P2 third and P1 fourth place.

Unlike Melee, the winner of a simultaneous KO during a Sudden Death match in Brawl is random, and unaffected by port priority (aside from Kirby's up throw; where the player with the highest port wins). However, in the NTSC and NTSC-J versions of Brawl, it does affect the use of 's Flying Slam as a sacrificial KO technique. If, during a stock match involving two players, Bowser uses Flying Slam to sacrificial KO on both players' last stocks, Bowser will either win or a Sudden Death match will be initiated. In this scenario, if the Bowser player's port is lower than that of their opponent's port, the Bowser player wins the match. However, if the Bowser player's port is higher, Sudden Death initiates. In the PAL version of Brawl, the use of Flying Slam in the aforementioned manner will win Bowser the match regardless of port priority.

The winner of a simultaneous KO in Sudden Death is not decided by port priority in Smash 4. It is instead verified by whoever dealt the most damage.

KO Uppercut
In Smash 4, if two s use KO Uppercut at the same time, only the player with the higher port will be hit by the move. This is the only instance of a move with transcendent priority behaving in this way in Smash 4.

Faux super armor
Faux super armor (abbreviated to FSA) is an effect in Brawl that occurs when both a grabber and the character they're grabbing are attacked by a third party at the same time. The game processes the lower port first, dealing damage and knocking them out of the grab. However, this breaks the grab and sends the higher-port character into their grab release animation. Having the grab broken takes priority over flinching and being launched, so while the higher-port player takes the damage, they are otherwise unaffected from the attack as the other player is knocked away. As a result, the higher-port player (whether they be the grabber or the victim, it does not matter) will receive "faux super armor" and gain a large advantage over the lower-port player.

Examples:
 * (P2) grabs (P3) and while Falco is holding Ike, another player,, attacks them with PK Freeze. Since Ike has a higher port than Falco, Ike receives FSA, so he is released and takes damage from Lucas' attack, but is otherwise unaffected. Falco, however, will take damage as well as being knocked into the air and becoming frozen.
 * (P1) pulls out and holds a bomb. (P4) grabs him, and while he is holding Toon Link the bomb explodes. Lucario receives FSA and only takes damage, but Toon Link incurs knockback and a fire ailment from the bomb.
 * Snake sticks a C4 onto (P2). Meta Knight then grabs  (P1), and uses his up throw. This causes both him and Diddy to rise above the stage, and while they are high in the air, Snake detonates the C4. Since Meta Knight has FSA, he falls to safety while Diddy is KO'd by the upper blast line, from the C4's knockback. This trick is nicknamed the "Omnigay" after.

In competitive play
In most cases, playing with the lowest controller port (closest to P1) is considered to be advantageous, as a lower port will allow a player to beat out their opponent if both attempt to grab each other or grab a ledge at the same time. Port priority allows the player with the lower port to hold the advantage in these specific situations, but these occur infrequently and are considered to have a minuscule effect on gameplay. Despite being advantageous, the lower port is generally not contested at the beginning of a set, as calling for port (or winning the rights to it, either by rock-paper-scissors or by scoring a higher number on Mr. Game & Watch's Judge) requires the player to give up stage striking advantage to the opponent. The stage chosen tends to have far greater influence in the outcome of a match than port priority, so players are generally content to give up port priority to the opponent in favor of stage striking. In mirror matches, port priority becomes more contested, as the neutrality of the matchup nullifies stage advantage. If a player believes they started with a disadvantage due to where they spawn on stage, they can demand a "neutral start", where both players retreat to the opposite ends of a stage and wait a few seconds before starting a game in earnest. Doubles sets arrange team players in a "1221" fashion (with one team using P1 and P4, while the other team uses P2 and P3) to balance out the effects of port priority. The throw hitstun interaction in Melee can give a small advantage to the higher port in rare cases by altering the percents at which certain combos are escapable, especially against characters who rely on chain grabbing, such as, , , and vs. fastfallers. The reduced frame of hitstun gives opponents an additional chance to escape the chain grab, and decreases the window of execution for the chain grabbing player by one frame. However, this advantage is considered so small that port priority is still hardly ever contested in tournaments.

However, in Brawl, due to the effects of FSA, port priority is of significant importance during competitive doubles matches, and singles matches that involve, since he can summon powerful self-detonating explosives. Faux super armor can be used to advantage, if a player launches a powerful attack at a teammate holding an lower-priority opponent in a grab; the attack will hit both players, but the higher-port teammate will survive with no knockback, while lower-port player will be launched, allowing for easy KO setups. This can be seen in the notorious "Omnigay" technique, where a Snake player (P1) can stick a C4 onto their ally or  (P4), and detonate it during the partner's up throw, killing the opponent in port P2 or P3 at any percent. In addition, if a Snake player gets grabbed while holding a Grenade, the hitboxes of pummels and throws are often enough to detonate it, and at high percents, this could result in the lower-ported player being KO'ed, while the higher-ported player survives. This can be exacerbated by Snake's immense survivability, as he can try the trick with little risk to himself at many percents.

Consequently, additional rules are enforced in tournaments to ensure fairness. The losing side is allowed to choose ports for the next game, potentially creating a significant swing in favor of the losing player or team in a Snake matchup.

The impact of FSA is significant enough to create a slight imbalance in the Snake ditto matchup, where a Hand Grenade, C4, or down smash exploding on both players when one player has the other grabbed will result in the lower port player being launched into a disadvantageous position in the air while leaving the higher port player in position to capitalize, as well as possibly saving the higher port player from being KO'd at high enough damage during this interaction. As a result of FSA's effects, Snake is considered the only character to have an uneven matchup when fighting against himself — the Snake player using the higher port is considered to have a slight advantage.

In Smash 4 and onward, gameplay elements reliant on port priority have been reduced so much that it is almost a non-factor in competitive play. With the exception of a few very specific and niche situations mentioned above where port priority applies, choosing a controller port now mostly comes down to preference.