Dragon Quest (universe)

The Dragon Quest universe (, Dragon Quest), stylized in-game as DRAGON QUEST, refers to the Super Smash Bros. series' collection of characters, stages, and properties hailing from the series of role-playing games originally published by Enix, now Square Enix. The player character assumes the role of a chosen hero going off on a quest to vanquish a cataclysmic evil and save the world. The franchise is widely considered the quintessential Japanese RPG series, to the point of being a cultural phenomenon in its country while having a relatively small but passionate fanbase everywhere else. The series, alongside, laid the foundation that would define the genre for generations to come, directly inspiring monumental titles including , , , and Shin Megami Tensei (including its subseries ), and elements popularized by it can still be seen in more modern series like  or.

Franchise description
In 1982, sponsored a video game programming contest in Japan which would bring much of the original Dragon Quest team together, including creator Yuji Horii. The prize was a trip to the United States and a visit to AppleFest '83 in San Francisco, where Horii discovered the  series of American role-playing games. Fellow contest winners and Yukinobu Chida, working with Horii, released the Enix game  for NEC's PC-6001 in 1983; it was an instant success which set an early standard for non-traditional, open-ended gameplay. It received a free port under Square Enix's AI technology preview 40 years after its release. This style would influence many games after its release, including Enix's own Dragon Quest, but also inspired other key people in the video game industry such as Hideo Kojima and for the  and  franchises, respectively, with the former porting the game as a secret content in .

A few years later, Horii desired to introduce the concept of role-playing games to the wider Japanese video game audience, distilling the experience to its purest form. To this end, his team began to develop an RPG that would combine elements from the American computer games Wizardry and . These series were popular among computer hobbyists in Japan, but were deemed too difficult and convoluted for the average player to enjoy. In order to make this game more accessible than the usual computer RPG of the time, it was designed to be more streamlined and fast-paced, with a greater focus on exploration, combat, and storytelling. Horii combined the full-screen map of Ultima with the battle and statistic-oriented Wizardry screens to create the core gameplay of Dragon Quest. He chose the because, unlike arcade games, players would not have to worry about spending more money upon defeat, and could continue playing from a save point. Noted, of  fame, was commissioned to illustrate the characters and monsters, as well as the game's logo, which is well-known for its curved title with the letter "T" shaped like a sword (which served as an inspiration for other video game logo designs; for example, 's logo made by Markus Toivonen ). Similarly, music composer, known for advertising jingles and pop songs, was hired to compose the game's soundtrack after he sent a postcard to Enix praising their previous work.

While  was in development, many doubted that a fantasy series with swords and sorcery would become popular in Japan, as the more predominant fantasy genre at the time was science fiction; however, the game became an overnight sensation upon its release in 1986, thanks to advertising in the Weekly Shonen Jump magazine, which ran Toriyama's Dragon Ball at the time. This ultimately led to Dragon Quest becoming a game that took the Japanese media by storm, and opened the door for a wider variety of genres for both Nintendo's console and the gaming industry as a whole. The team immediately began work on a sequel, and the Dragon Quest series quickly became a booming franchise spanning multiple forms of media like spin-off games, novels, manga, anime, live music performances, and even a feature-length film.

Despite its overwhelming success in Japan, Dragon Quest was not released internationally until 1989, when Nintendo released it in North America (under the name Dragon Warrior, due to copyright conflicts with a pen-and-paper RPG of the same name). The first RPG to be released for the Nintendo Entertainment System, this version features improved graphics and a battery save feature instead of the password system of the original version. In late 1990, the official Nintendo Power magazine included free copies of the game as a subscription bonus, a move which proved highly successful; the magazine attracted thousands of subscribers and ensured the game's success, as well as earning a dedicated fanbase for future entries. Although it lags behind in international sales, the series gradually began to grow in popularity upon the release of , which marked an increase in sales outside of Japan as well as the drop of the title Dragon Warrior due to the trademark for the pen and paper game finally expiring and Square Enix taking advantage of this by registering the trademark in the USA. The best-selling game in the series worldwide is , in part due to its main Hero appearing as a fighter in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate.

For later titles, many of the original team members retain their role in the series; Horii serves the role of scenario director, while Toriyama and Sugiyama continue to provide character design and music, respectively. Subsequent Dragon Quest games build on the formula introduced by the original. For , the developers introduced a party system with the player controlling three characters, another idea inspired by Wizardry; this would go on to become a standard gameplay element in the Dragon Quest series. ' introduced a class system, allowing characters to specialize in certain roles, while ' introduced chapter-based progression and computer-controlled allies. Dragon Quest VIII, the first main game in the series to be released in PAL regions and the first to drop the Dragon Warrior title overseas, was also the first fully 3D rendered game in the series, and it included the ability to control the camera at any angle on the overworld. Though Koichi Sugiyama was seen as a controversial figure for decades, notably for denying war crimes and mocking the  community, he kept contributing new tracks for the franchise until the upcoming game, , through orchestral arrangements of the series' soundtrack. Titled "Symphonic Suite", they were performed in or  and were either offered in albums or played exclusively in the Japanese release of a Dragon Quest game. Otherwise, they were re-arranged in a Synthesizer for western release of the mainline series, spin-offs, and crossovers including Super Smash Bros. Ultimate. There were cases where the orchestral and synthesized arrangements were available in opposite regions, like in the PlayStation 2 release of Dragon Quest VIII, or the former available in both regions, like in . Dragon Quest XII is his last contribution to the franchise, as he passed away from septic shock on September 30, 2021.

The Dragon Quest franchise, owing to its widespread success, has spawned many spin-off series based upon its characters and settings, some of which have become franchises in their own right.
 * The manga ' related to the series was first published in ' in 1989. It is set in a story unrelated to the mainline series, with original characters such as its main protagonist, Dai. After its publication, it received an anime adaptation in 1991, along with films shortly after. In 2020, numerous video games, and an anime re-adaptation based on the manga were revealed and released throughout the year. Dai also appeared as a playable character in the 2019 crossover arena fighting game ', marking the first appearance of a Dragon Quest character in a Weekly Shōnen Jump crossover game, and in a fighting game months before Ultimate; unused data within 2014's ' implies that he was meant to appear in that game as well.
 * Although beginning in 1991 and features references to the series, the ' series of board games received many games based on characters from the Dragon Quest and Final Fantasy series starting in 2004. It also received a crossover with Nintendo's franchise much later in 2011, with '.
 * In 1993, Koichi Nakamura's ' series of rogue-like games was created. It started with a title based on from Dragon Quest IV, then later in 2006 with Yangus from Dragon Quest VIII as a child. It was eventually spun off into its own franchise with an original subseries titled ' in 1995, and also began to cross over with both popular and smaller series: Squaresoft's Final Fantasy (as ') in 1997; Bandai's ' (as '), Namco's ' (as '), and Konami's ' (as ') in 2004; Game Freak's  (as ') in 2005; and Atlus's ' (as ') in 2015.
 * In 1998, Yuji Horii's ' series of monster-recruiting games was created. It is inspired of the mechanics from ' with Pokémon-esque gameplay and features Terry from ', Keifer from ', and Psaro from Dragon Quest IV as children, along with other original characters. Later in 2006, the ' set of games follow the same mechanics from the aforementioned series but with a new protagonist for each title, and feature 3D environments. In 2022, ' participates in this series with Erik and Mia from Dragon Quest XI as children, though its gameplay also borrows from other action games such as the 3D Super Mario titles.
 * In 2003, Yoshiki Watabe's  series of action-adventure games, translated as Dragon Quest Heroes: Rocket Slime, was created. It is focused on the franchise's most iconic monster, Slime, and the main protagonist that incarnates it named Rocket.
 * In 2007, the  set of arcade games was created. The games dispense real-life cards representing monsters, which are then used to take part in battle.
 * Also in 2007, the action role-playing game  was released for the Wii, and uses the Wii Remote's internal motion sensor.
 * In 2015, the ' set of hack and slash game was created. It is based on the mechanics of the ' series, featuring playable original characters and side characters from Dragon Quest IV onward.
 * In 2016, the  set of sandbox games was created. It combines the setting of Dragon Quest with crafting and survival mechanics similar to Minecraft.
 * In 2017, a card battling game inspired by ' titled ' was released for mobile devices. It features many characters and monsters throughout the Dragon Quest mainline and spin-off series. It was later renamed to Dragon Quest Rivals Ace in 2020, with an additional single player mode. Both games would be shut down later in 2021.
 * In 2019, an augmented reality, role-playing game inspired by ' titled ' was released for mobile devices exclusively in Japan, along with its service.
 * In 2020, a tactical game titled  was released for mobile devices in Japan, then worldwide in 2021, before shutting down in 2024. It features new monsters, along with veteran monsters throughout the Dragon Quest series, and characters from the mainline and spin-off series.
 * In 2023, ', a mobile game that mixes action role-play game and battle royale, similar to games like ' and now defunct , was released.

Remakes of the mainline entries have appeared on Nintendo's handheld systems, starting with Dragon Quest I, II, and III on the Game Boy Color in 2000. On the Nintendo DS, there was Dragon Quest IV in 2007, V in 2008, and VI in 2010. Then, remakes of Dragon Quest VII and VIII were released on the Nintendo 3DS in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Finally, Dragon Quest III would obtain another remake, titled Dragon Quest III HD-2D Remake. All of the remakes include reworked graphics and new gameplay features. The latest released installment of the core series, Dragon Quest XI: Echoes of an Elusive Age, was released in Japan in July 2017 for PlayStation 4 and Nintendo 3DS, and internationally in September 2018 for Steam, PlayStation 4, and barring the 3DS release. An enhanced port initially for Nintendo Switch, as Dragon Quest XI S: Echoes of an Elusive Age - Definitive Edition, released worldwide in September 2019, with enhanced Switch ports of Dragon Quest I, II, and III following. The Definitive Edition was later ported on Steam, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in 2020, and Google Stadia the year after, making it the first time the franchise has a game published in a Microsoft-produced console. Since 2021, the latest installment of the core series is titled Dragon Quest XII: The Flames of Fate, as it was announced in a teaser during the livestream of the franchise's 35th anniversary.

According to Masahiro Sakurai, fans of the Dragon Quest series had long requested for representation in Super Smash Bros., but he initially considered it impossible. With some encouragement from Nintendo, Sakurai created a passionate proposal to Square Enix, asking to include the Hero in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate; though he would have agreed to compromise if he was given permission only for a character like Slime, he felt that the Hero was the best option, even knowing the hurdles that would come with their inclusion. To his surprise, Square Enix agreed almost immediately: they appreciated Sakurai's passion and felt Super Smash Bros. Ultimate was similar to Dragon Quest XI S as games that celebrate and combine elements from across their respective histories. It was equally shown in Dragon Quest XI with Tickington teleporting the party into specific places from past mainline games.

According to Yuji Horii, while there were restrictions in the past over having past heroes interact and fight with each other, it has become less strict over time, especially after the launch of Dragon Quest Rivals. Knowing the popularity of Smash, he personally wanted the Hero to join the series. Sakurai's initial proposal had only included the Heroes of Dragon Quest XI and Dragon Quest III—XIs being the default due to being the latest installment and to promote its then upcoming Nintendo Switch port, and IIIs due to being the most iconic Hero of the series—but Horii allowed more to be included. Initially, Sakurai considered having all eight costumes be different heroes, but time constraints resulted in there only being four. The Hero of Dragon Quest VIII was added due to his popularity overseas. The Hero from Dragon Quest V was considered, but was ultimately decided against due to his default weapon being a staff instead of a sword; the Hero from Dragon Quest I was similarly passed over as there isn’t a unified image for Dragon Quest I's main character across media, and the final choice ended up being the Hero of Dragon Quest IV. In one of Sakurai's YouTube videos, "Assigning Animations", he would confirm that Erdrick was the main character, before switching the role to Luminary. Due to this change, the team had to remove or rework some of Hero's movement animations that were similar to Akira Toriyama's combat movement. Furthermore, it confirms one of many leaks from Vergeben as Erdrick was initially the main character for the Dragon Quest representative fighter and Luminary was his alternative costume.

In Super Smash Bros. Ultimate
The long-running popular JRPG series makes its Super Smash Bros. series debut as the second DLC franchise in the Fighters Pass Vol. 1 and the second Square Enix property to be represented by a playable fighter after Final Fantasy. While the content present is representative of the series at large, the bulk of the representation comes from Dragon Quest XI, as it was released to commemorate the then-upcoming release of the enhanced Nintendo Switch version. In addition to one newcomer, the series is represented by a stage with some minor cameos, eight music tracks, several Mii Fighter costumes, and several Spirits. Most of the content from this franchise was released in the version 4.0.0 update on July 30th, 2019.

Fighter

 * 72. HeroIcon(SSBU).png (DLC): As a single newcomer, four protagonists from across the Dragon Quest series join the roster as alternate character costumes of each other, all serving as the second newcomer from the Fighters Pass Vol. 1. The Luminary from Dragon Quest XI is the default, with Erdrick from Dragon Quest III, Solo from Dragon Quest IV, and Eight from Dragon Quest VIII appearing as alternate character costumes. In battle, he uses a sword and shield for standard attacks but amplifies his moveset using magic; he has a limited supply of magic points (MP) to cast a variety of spells ranging from Frizz, Zap, and Woosh, with even more spells available from a command selection menu. The Final Smash calls upon even more heroes from across the series to unleash Gigaslash. He was released alongside Yggdrasil's Altar, 8 music tracks and the Dragon Quest series Spirits on July 30th, 2019 as part of Challenger Pack 2.

Stage

 * YggdrasilsAltarIconSSBU.png Yggdrasil's Altar (DLC): A pivotal location based on the area of the same name from Dragon Quest XI. This stage is a platform flying over Erdrea, the geographical setting of Dragon Quest XI. The floating platform tours around the landscape to locations such as Haven's Above and the Ruins of Dundrasil. Occasionally other platforms containing chests with items may appear, though the chest may also turn out to be a Mimic. Slimes, Tockles, and the white whale-like creature Cetacea cameo in the background. The stage was released on July 30th, 2019 as part of Challenger Pack 2.

Mii Costumes
The following Mii costumes are available as, as part of version 4.0.0, within the second wave of Mii Fighter outfits along with Challenger Pack 2 and. They were released on July 31st, 2019.

Outfits

 * Veronica Outfit (DLC): Veronica's outfit, sourced from Dragon Quest XI. The Mii will hold her staff if it is worn.
 * Erdrick Outfit (DLC): Erdrick's armor from the Erdrick Equipment set. It existed since the first Dragon Quest game. The Mii will hold the Sword of Light if it is worn.
 * Martial Artist Outfit (DLC): The Martial Artist's male and female gi outfits from Dragon Quest III. Their clothes design were inspired of the game's Super Famicom remake.

Headgear

 * Veronica Wig (DLC): Veronica's red wizard's hat and haircut, sourced from Dragon Quest XI.
 * Erdrick Helmet (DLC): Erdrick's helmet from the Erdrick Equipment set. It existed since the first Dragon Quest game.
 * Martial Artist Wig (DLC): The Martial Artist's male and female haircuts from Dragon Quest III.
 * Slime Hat (DLC): A headgear featuring the iconic Slime from the franchise. When worn, the headgear jiggles whenever the Mii moves.

Source Tracks

 *  (DLC): The overworld theme of ', which appears in the Hero's reveal trailer. However, in-game, the song is a MIDI arrangement taken from '.
 * ' (DLC): The main battle theme of Dragon Quest III''. Sourced from '.
 *  (DLC): The main battle theme of Dragon Quest IV. Sourced from Fortune Street.
 * ' (DLC): The overworld theme from the last chapter of ' if the player chose Solo or Sofia on the lead. Sourced from Fortune Street''.
 * ''' (DLC): One of the overworld themes of '. Sourced from the 3DS version of the game.
 *  (DLC): The main battle theme of Dragon Quest VIII. Sourced from Theatrhythm Dragon Quest.
 * ''' (DLC): The main overworld theme of ', sourced from the original MIDI version.
 *  (DLC): The main battle theme of Dragon Quest XI, sourced from the original MIDI version.

Victory fanfare

 * Victory! Hero (DLC): A sequenced rearrangement of the ending phrase of Overture, the recurring main theme of the series. This arrangement, like most of the other Dragon Quest music, is sourced from Theatrhythm Dragon Quest, precisely from the track "Overture X".

Other

 * Extended orchestral versions of Overture and Adventure from the Dragon Quest III Symphonic Suite were used in the Hero's reveal trailer, but are not selectable in-game. This is likely due to licensing complications with the late series composer Koichi Sugiyama, who retains the rights to the orchestrated Dragon Quest soundtracks instead of Square Enix themselves.

Media with elements appearing in the Super Smash Bros. series
The Dragon Quest universe has media represented throughout the Super Smash Bros. series with a total of 21 games and medias. The latest game represented in this universe is , released on September 27, 2019.

Trivia

 * Dragon Quest, EarthBound, Final Fantasy, and Persona are the only universes without playable characters from the first installment in their series in Super Smash Bros. However, the Hero from the first Dragon Quest was considered a spot on the roster, but was dropped as there isn’t a unified image for Dragon Quest I's main character across media.
 * Dragon Quest is one of two third-party universes in Ultimate to not include any arrangements created for Smash Bros., likely due to legal issues with then composer Koichi Sugiyama. This trait is shared with Kingdom Hearts, although the latter's victory theme is arranged rather than sourced.
 * Prior to the release of Challenger Pack 8, Final Fantasy also held this distinction aside from Cloud's victory theme. Notably, all of these universes are developed by Square Enix.